Lindaland
  Lindaland Central 2.0
  Haplogroup,Sublcade

Post New Topic  Post A Reply
profile | register | preferences | faq

UBBFriend: Email This Page to Someone! next newest topic | next oldest topic
Author Topic:   Haplogroup,Sublcade
Glaucus
Knowflake

Posts: 2764
From: Sacramento,California
Registered: Apr 2009

posted March 15, 2010 12:18 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Glaucus     Edit/Delete Message
Diablo,

Here is some information on Haplogroup and subclade:


In the study of molecular evolution, a haplogroup (from the Greek: ἁπλοῦς, haploûs, "onefold, single, simple") is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation. Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, this is what makes it possible to predict a haplogroup from haplotypes. An SNP test confirms a haplogroup. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations, for example R1b1. Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have different haplogroup designations. Haplogroups pertain to deep ancestral origins dating back thousands of years.[1]

In human genetics, the haplogroups most commonly studied are Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, both of which can be used to define genetic populations. Y-DNA is passed solely along the patrilineal line, from father to son, while mtDNA is passed down the matrilineal line, from mother to offspring of both sexes. Neither recombines, and thus Y-DNA and mtDNA change only by chance mutation at each generation with no intermixture between parents' genetic material. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup

Y Haplogroup

* Haplogroup A (M91) (Africa, especially the Khoisan, Ethiopians, and Nilotes)

* Haplogroup B (M60) (Africa, especially the Pygmies and Hadzabe)


Most African Americans will actually have A,B haplogroups
but they will also have West Eurasian haplogroups because of being descended from white males in connection to slavery.

I don't know about my Y haplogroup.
I plan on getting a Y DNA test in a few months.
It's possible that I might have West Eurasian haplogroup.

Mitochondria

Haplogroups can be used to define genetic populations and are often geographically oriented. For example, the following are common divisions for mtDNA haplogroups:

* Sub-Saharan African: L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7
* West Eurasian: H, T, U, V, X, K, I, J, W (all listed West Eurasian haplogroups are derived from macro-haplogroup N)[4]
* East Eurasian: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, Y (note: C, D, E, and G belong to macro-haplogroup M)
* Native American: A, B, C, D, X
* Australo-Melanesian: P, Q, S


Most African Americans will belong to the LO,L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6,L7 haplogroups

I belong to Haplogroup J which is one of the West Eurasian haplogroups.

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup J derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to Haplogroup T. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Jasmine. Within the field of medical genetics, certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Average frequency of J Haplogroup as a whole is highest in the Near East (12%) followed by Europe (11%), Caucasus (8%) and North Africa (6%). Of the two main sub-groups, J1 takes up four-fifths of the total and is spread on the continent while J2 is more localised around the Mediterranean, Greece, Italy/Sardinia and Spain. However certain haplotypes of J2 are distinct to, and show a marked presence in, Scandinavia & the British isles.[3] In Pakistan, where West Eurasian lineages occur at frequencies of up to 50% in some ethno-linguistic groups, J1 averages around 5%, while J2 occurrence is very rare. Intriguingly, however, it is found amongst 9% of Kalash, a small ethnic community dwelling in the Hindu Kush mountains of Pakistan.

Within Europe, >2% frequency distribution of mtDNA J is as follows:[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_J_%28mtDNA%29#Distribution

Haplogroup J is the sister group of Haplogroup T and moved into Europe from the near east around 10,000 years ago. It is found throughout the Western Eurasia (Caucasus), Russia and the Baltic Sea and is believed to have been apart of the spread of agriculture during the Neolithic times http://haplogroups.com/groups.shtml

For other uses, see Subclade (disambiguation).

In genetics, subclade is a term used to describe a subgroup of a subgenus or haplogroup. It is commonly used today in describing genealogical DNA tests of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclade

my subclade is J1c

J1 (M267) Found frequently in the Arabian Peninsula, Dagestan, Mesopotamia, the Levant and Semitic-speaking populations of North Africa and Northeast Africa, with a moderate distribution throughout Southwest Asia http://www.mitochondrialdnatesting.com/j-haplogroup.html

These are my genetic mutations that determine my haplogroup,subclade


HVR1 :

16069T
16093C
16126C
16261T
16274A
16355T


HVR2:

73G
185A
195C
228A
263G
295T
315.1C

I got tests from this site: http://dna.ancestry.com/welcome.aspx


I have matches with mostly people with Jewish surnames and from Eastern Europe in a database

Ruth Rosenthal was the name of my mom's maternal grandmother.

A person genetic match in my J haplogroup and is my fellow member of J haplogroup group on yahoo said that we're very likely to be the descendants of Ashkenazi Jews and Eastern Europeans.

Therefore, I have roots from Israel, Mesopotamia and could even be from Sumer.

I took the test for both me and my mother.

My mom never knew her biological mother who left her for adoption. My grandfather kept her after he first saw her after he came back from Korea when he was in the Marines. He felt a strong connection with her.

I never knew my biological father either.

Therefore, I know very little about my roots. That's why I have always been interested in genealogy,roots,and anything that has to do with it.


Raymond


------------------
"Nothing matters absolutely;
the truth is it only matters relatively"

- Eckhart Tolle

IP: Logged

Glaucus
Knowflake

Posts: 2764
From: Sacramento,California
Registered: Apr 2009

posted March 15, 2010 12:49 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Glaucus     Edit/Delete Message
I read about Oprah.

She's not descended from Zulus.

She descends from the Kpelle people (who cluster in the Guinea Highlands of what is now central Liberia and Guinea), the Bamileke people (who cluster in modern-day Cameroon), and a Bantu tribe in Zambia.
http://runningafrica.com/news-02162006Oprah_Ancestry.html

It says that the average percentage of European ancestry for African Americans is 20 percent.

As for children being color blind, I think that it really depends on certain things like where they live,their neighborhood, their ethnicity/race,and how they were raised as well as their experiences in regards to race relations.

Many children of African American descent are raised to know where they come from. It's just how it is in African American communities. The history of slavery,Jim Crow here in USA.

At 6 years old, my Aunt Dominga told me that I am Black, and I told her that I am Brown. I didn't have no idea. I was in special education at the time any way, and I had very little concept of understanding words much at the time any way.

My stepfather raised me to be race-conscious too. He was a man of multiracial black,white,native american,and polynesian descent who identified as black. He was born in 1929 at the time that racism was a big problem in both Northern and Southern parts of the USA. He was from Boston. His mother passed for white,and so she avoided racism.

At 9 years old, my mother made me check out a book on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., telling me that I need to know about my people. Of course, I got called "nigger" on my 9th birthday by a blonde girl who ended up have a kid by a black man years later which surprised the hell out of me. Her sister also has children by black men. That was no surprise. She liked blacks any way. She tried to come on to me when I was 9 years old even though she was 2 years older than me. hahahahaha


many multiracial children are raised to be black due to the fact that's how society will tend to view them as.

Why do you think President Obama identifies as black? He was torn about his multiracial heritage, and he wrote about it in his book,DREAMS OF MY FATHER. It was all about his journeys to find himself and integrate himself as African American. Halle Berry's white mother raised her to identify with black because that how society will see her, she won't have half white stamped on her forehead.


If a child is white growing up in certain New England states like Maine,New Hampshire,and Vermont which have very small percentage of African Americans, then I can see how the child can be color blind.


I became conscious about color,race at an early age.

I never identified as being Black,African American. I always told people my mixture.

I was one of 2.4 percent of Americans that identified as multiracial for the 2000 Census. I intend to do the same for the 2010 Census.

I will never accept the one drop rule for myself. I embrace all of my heritages and not just my black.

The one drop rule was created by White supremacists to keep whites and blacks from mixing. Then the white race would be pure. To me, the rule should have been completely discontinued after the Loving vs. Virginia Supreme court ruling that struck down all race mixing bans in the USA in 1967.


Anybody that deeply knows African American ancestry would know that I definitely have much less sub-Saharan African ancestry than the average African American. It was sub-Saharan Africans that were made slaves,and they had dark brown skin. My skin is light brown/dark tan with yellow tones that are brought out when I wear colors like aqua,teal,turqouise,greens,and blues. A lot of Hispanics,Pacific Islanders,Arabs,Indians are dark as me.

The problem is that many people including especially African Americans assume that I am just a light-skinned African American in connection to having white master-black slave rape ancestry because of so many African Americans have that type of ancestry, and so they come in wide range of colors. That's different from being born from an interracial relationship. Some people assumed the same about Barack Obama,Halle Berry,and others that are born from interracial relationships.

Any ways, many people don't stop to consider that there are interracial couples, and there are children being born to them
even now in 2000's. It's ridiculous.

There is still a lot of ignorance about race relations.


There are still a lot of issues about race here in USA. If there wasn't, there would be a lot more than 2.4 percent of the US population identifying as multiracial for the Census.

at least, I acknowledge all my background and not just part of me. I was raised that way by my mother too. I am never going to accept the one drop rule as long as I live. Slavery,Jim Crow days have been long gone. There is no sense for me to practice it.


It would be great if President Obama stood up and said "I am not black..I am multiracial" to acknowledge that multiracial people here in USA do exist.

I will always defy people that put me in a racial box whether they are black,white,asian,etc. They can't put me in a box and expect me to fit in it. It's no different from trying to put me in a neurotypical box which I don't definitely fit in.

Diversity

I thought about being a multiracial advocate


Raymond


------------------
"Nothing matters absolutely;
the truth is it only matters relatively"

- Eckhart Tolle

IP: Logged

Glaucus
Knowflake

Posts: 2764
From: Sacramento,California
Registered: Apr 2009

posted March 15, 2010 01:48 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Glaucus     Edit/Delete Message
"Catagories Count" by Libero Della Piana

January/February 1995 issue of Poverty & Race

In the summer of 1993, several groups, spearheaded by the American Multi-Ethnic Association(AMFA) and Project RACE (Reclassify All Children Equally), urged the House Subcommittee on Census and Statistics to add "multiracial" as acategory to the U.S. Census. These groups and others have won multiracial identification in school districts in Georgia and Illinois. In Ohio, there is now state-wide legislation making "multiracial" an official racial category on all school forms.

Advocates for a multiracial category cite a number of statistics to back their case. In 1992, there were an estimated 1.2 million interracial marriages, which constitutes a 365% increase over 310,000 in 1970. In 1989 alone, 110 schoochildren were born into interracial families. Given the dramatic increase in inter-racial marriage, estimates of the number of people with multiracial backgrounds range between 600,000 and 5 million. However, this does not mean that all of these people self-identify as multiracial. Maria P.P. Root writes in Racially Mixed People in America that 30-70% of all African Americans, virtually all Latinos and Filipinos, and the majority of Native Americans are multiracial. The point is clear: while multiracial individuals have existed as long as the concept of race, there is today a new awareness of large numbers of multi-racial people. Multiracial advocates want to have this reality reflected in the U.S. Census.

A box for the racial designation of mixed race people threatens federal funds earmarked for specific racial groups, according to some monoracial organizations. Henry Der, executive director of Chinese for Affirmative Action (CAA), argued before the Congressional Subcommittee that it is difficult to ascertain which benefits people of multiracial backgrounds are entitled to, given the fact that federal civil rights legislation and programs are premised on exclusive membership in one racial group. Although MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil de Chicanos en Aztlan, a Chicano student organization), the National Urban League and CAA, to name a few, all oppose the new multiracial census category in the interests of protecting political apportionment for their constituents, there are dimensions of the demand for a "multiracial" category that have implications beyond the political sphere.

Issues raised in the racial categorization debate are not new. For at least two centuries, "one drop of Black blood" made one Black in the United States. A 1930s court case in California found a Filipino exempt from a state miscegenation law because he was defined as a "Malay" (not covered under the law at the time) and not a "Mongolian." Three weeks after the decision, the California State Legislature modified the law to include the racial category "Malay." Twelve other states soon followed suit. From overtly racist notions of mongrelization by "mud people," to liberal concerns about "how difficult life is for children of mixed heritage," to increased ethnocentricity in communities of color, whose advocates argue that "outmarriage" weakens the race, racial categorization is about power.

The question is: do multiracial people have the power to force recognition? New magazines like Interrace, New People and Interracial Classified have all been founded to increase the positive images of multiracial people in society. As the editor of Interrace noted in the November 1993 issue: "We created Interrace not to challenge a racist society. . . but to bring balance to the negative depictions of our families and children in the mass media." New People addresses the politics of multiracial identity. The October issue ran articles addressing the effects of Afrocentric ideology on multiracial people.

Two main trends flow through these publications: the naively uncritical celebration of all dimensions of multiracial identity, and challenges to the existing notions of race. These trends also flourish in organizations of multiracial people at more than a dozen liberal arts colleges. These include MISC (the Multiethnic/Interracial Students' Coalition) at UC-Berkeley. the Union of Multiracial Students at UC-Santa Cruz, and Brown University's Brown Organization of Multiracial & Bi-racial Students (BOMBS). These groups have influenced the universities to recognize multiracial identity on application forms, in transition programs and in other ways. These identity-based organizations function to aid young multiracial people's personal development and to educate other people about multiracial identity. In addition, multiracial campus groups often pressure monoracial (Black, Latino, etc.) student groups to hold forums with them on multiracial issues, get multiracial people into counseling positions or organize their own awareness week. Multiracial advocacy is primarily identity-based organizing. The groups are not necessarily working for social justice, but for recognition.

Multiracial people confront the difference between racial categorization and self-identification every day. I know this experience personally. My mother is African-American and my father is Italian-American. I identify as both Black and Italian, not "half-and-half" and not one or the other. However, on a regular basis I am faced with forms, applications and check-boxes that do not allow me to identify as both. They don't allow me to identify as multiracial either. If you're lucky, they provide an "other" and maybe a space to fill in the blank. The most wrenching choices that have to be made, however, are not on paper. I, like most biracial and multiracial people, must choose to identify with my mother or my father.

Even though I know that identity has more to do with history and consciousness than appearance, I also know that in order for me to survive in a racially polarized society, I have to react to how others perceive me, as well as how I perceive myself For instance, I have never been treated as an Italian by someone who wasn't family. I know that as long as I look Black, I am Black to the world. Therefore, I experience racist verbal attacks and discriminatory treatment.

For many multiracial people, there is tension between how one identifies oneself and how one is labeled by both the dominant and subordinate cultures. Because of this, we are often called confused. The classical representation of our existence is the "tragic mulatto," condemned to be torn between two worlds, psychologically and morally perverse. The fact is, multiracial people are literally forced by this society to choose one reality over the other.

Although for the majority of society, racial categories are static and racial identity is a "done deal," the questions raised by multiracial people challenge these assumptions.

Unquestionably, there are problems with the tendency in the multiracial movement to confuse issues related to multiracial identity with the desire to pursue relations with members of a different race and to glamorize the "multicultural melting pot" and multiracial existence. On the other hand, it is clear that conflict over racial categorization in the Census articulated by this new multicultural movement is one way to expand the boundaries of how we think about race.

Libero Della Piana is the editor of RaceFile, a bimonthly publication of the Applied Research Center (25 Embarcadero Cove, Oakland, CA 94606; annual rates: $48 for individuals and nonprofits, $180 for institutions), which offers "a critical assessment of reporting on racial issues in the established and community press." This article first appeared in VoL 2, No. 2, March-April/1994.
http://www.prrac.org/full_text.php?+text_id=427&item_i d=4231&newsletter_id=18&header=Symposium:+Racial/Ethnic+Categories


I got confused a lot too!

I was confused...I was confused whenever I had to fill out a form, and I had choose only one box for race.

They don't have a multiracial option on myspace nor do they have one for E-Harmony.
WTF???!!! It's the 2000's.

I will never support the NAACP and The Urban League because they don't care about the identities of multiracial people while they care about the well-being of African Americans. They don't want to us to be accepted for who we actually are. They want to fit us in a box that we don't fit.

Raymond

------------------
"Nothing matters absolutely;
the truth is it only matters relatively"

- Eckhart Tolle

IP: Logged

Diablo
Knowflake

Posts: 221
From: Melbourne, Australia
Registered: May 2009

posted March 16, 2010 12:02 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Diablo     Edit/Delete Message
Awesome, thank you so much. I finally figured out what Central is lol

Sometimes I read information wrong or retrieve it from memory with a few bits missing lol. I must have been reading info on the Zulu tribe at the time, it was a few years ago.

So much to go through, once i get through it, ill get back to you and tell you what i think.

Nothing is more powerful than the gift of knowledge. Much appreciated

IP: Logged

koiflower
Knowflake

Posts: 1608
From: Australia
Registered: Apr 2009

posted March 20, 2010 08:41 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for koiflower     Edit/Delete Message
The haplogroup info is cool if you want to see how your ancestors travel across the continents.

I can only work out my mothers lineage as I don't have access to my biological father's genetic information.

You are lucky, Glaucus, as being a male you carry both your mother and your father's genetic information.

IP: Logged

All times are Eastern Standard Time

next newest topic | next oldest topic

Administrative Options: Close Topic | Archive/Move | Delete Topic
Post New Topic  Post A Reply
Hop to:

Contact Us | Linda-Goodman.com

Copyright © 2008

Powered by Infopop www.infopop.com © 2000
Ultimate Bulletin Board 5.46a