posted January 03, 2007 02:21 AM              

Jan. 2, 2007, 12:37AM

U.S. cities, states linking intelligence 'fusion' sites

Police-led efforts reflect frustration with feds, but are rights threatened?

By MARY BETH SHERIDAN and SPENCER S. HSU
Washington Post

WASHINGTON — Frustrated by poor federal cooperation, states and cities are building their own network of intelligence centers led by police to help detect and disrupt terrorist plots.

The new "fusion centers" are now operating in 37 states and another covers the Washington area, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The centers, which have received $380 million in federal support since the 2001 terrorist attacks, pool and analyze information from local, state and federal law enforcement officials.

The emerging "network of networks" marks a new era of opportunity for law enforcement, according to U.S. officials and homeland security experts. Police are hungry for federal intelligence in an age of homegrown terrorism and more sophisticated crime.

For their part, federal law enforcement officials could benefit from a potential army of tipsters — the 700,000 local and state police officers across the country, as well as private security guards and others being courted by the centers.

But the emerging model of "intelligence-led policing" faces risks on all sides. The centers are popping up with little federal leadership and training, raising fears of the overzealousness associated with police "red squads" that spied on activists decades ago.

Chaotic infrastructure

The centers also face practical obstacles that could limit their effectiveness, including a shortage of money, skilled analysts and proven relationships with the FBI and Homeland Security.

Still, the centers are emerging as a key element in a sometimes chaotic new domestic intelligence infrastructure, which includes homeland security units in local police forces and 103 FBI-led terrorism task forces, triple the number that existed before Sept. 11, 2001.

Fusion centers are becoming "part of the landscape for local government," said the incoming D.C. police chief, Cathy Lanier. But she warned that police are navigating a new patchwork of state and federal privacy laws that govern the sharing, collection and storage of information.

"We're in a very precarious position right now," she said. "If we lose community support, that is going to be a big deal for local law enforcement."

Traditionally, police had little to do with counter-terrorism. But after the 2001 attacks, it became obvious that al-Qaida members had been preparing not only in far-off Afghan training camps but also in places such as a Gold's Gym in Greenbelt, Md., and flight schools in Florida. An unwitting Maryland state trooper stopped one of the future hijackers for speeding on Interstate 95.

"Police officers, deputies and troopers ... they're going to be the ones that encounter a lot of these (suspicious) things on the road," said Virginia State Police Sgt. Lee Miller of the state's year-old fusion center in Richmond. "What we're trying to do is provide them the information they need to identify these different things."

Duties vary

The fusion centers range from small conference facilities to high-tech nerve centers with expensive communications networks. Some do investigations, while others focus on information sharing — passing tips to the FBI and scanning federal intelligence for developments of interest to local departments.

Civil liberties advocates worry the fledgling fusion centers could stray into monitoring people engaged in lawful activities, as some members of new police homeland security units have done. A Georgia homeland security officer, for example, was discovered photographing a vegans protest at a HoneyBaked Ham store in 2003.

See also:

Big Brother/1984