posted June 30, 2010 10:53 AM         

check out the suggestions that come up!

posted June 30, 2010 06:43 PM         

Do you have mammary glands??

posted June 30, 2010 06:44 PM         

?Our results indicate that metformin induces 5-HT3
receptor-independent release of 5-HT from human duodenal mucosa via
neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms. Part of the gastrointestinal
side effects observed during treatment with metformin could, thus, be
produced by the release of 5-HT and other neurotransmitter substances
within the duodenal mucosa.? http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/contribution.asp?wasp=9f8f0aba6b224f108f96bc1157f5a473&referrer=parent&backto=issue,13,15;journal,71,143;linkingpublicationresults,1:100530,1

?Visceral hypersensitivity implies increased nerve cell signals
traveling from the intestines up to the brain (afferent signals), and
increased signals going in the opposite direction (efferent signals).
These signals are transmitted with the aid of a chemical called
serotonin, or 5HT (short for 5-hydroxytryptamine).? http://www.healthandage.com/Home/gm=20!gid2=2071

GLP-1 also stimulates production of insulin and prevents glucose from
being absorbed in the intestine. Too much glucose in the intestines
causes a form of osmotic diarrhea ? electrolytes become unbalanced,
from the unabsorbed glucose and the osmolarity of the stool is
changed, causing watery stools and diarrhea.

Scientifically put: ?GLP-1 is an incretin released from L cells in the
intestine after oral ingestion of nutrients. This incretin has
multiple actions, including stimulation of inhibition of glucagon
secretion, increase of glycogen synthase activity, and slowing of
gastric emptying, in addition to promotion of satiety and inhibition
of food intake (Drucker, 2001 , 2002 ). Mannucci et al. (2001 )
proposed that the reduced food intake and body weight gain in subjects
treated with metformin might be related to GLP-1 increase.

GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV or CD26,
EC 3.4.14.5 [EC] ), resulting in a circulating half-life of only 1 to
2 min. Thus, inhibition of DPPIV activity could be a useful strategy
to enhance the activity of GLP-1. Many studies have confirmed the
utility of DPPIV inhibitors not only in the treatment of diabetes with
obesity in animal models (Pederson et al., 1998 ; Balkan et al., 1999
; Pospisilik et al., 2002 ; Reimer et al., 2002 ; Sudre et al., 2002
), but also in humans (Ahrén et al., 2002 ). These data suggest that
DPPIV inhibitors would be of value in the treatment of obesity and
diabetes. http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/310/2/614
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11518688&dopt=Abstract

?Metformin quite frequently (5 to 20%) causes gastrointestinal
problems such as nausea, stomach pain, bloating, diarrhea and
malabsorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid. These side effects
usually go away soon after the metformin is started and occur less
often if metformin is taken with food. Another possible problem with
metformin is a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis, when
your tissues do not get enough oxygen to survive. To avoid this
problem, metformin should not be given to people with kidney or liver
disease, severe heart failure, or a history of alcohol abuse.? http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/mom/metformin/Metformin.htm

?Metformin is a biguanide derivative, which resembles 5-HT3-receptor
agonists in its structure. Activation of 5-HT3 receptors is known to
induce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.? http://www.americantherapeutics.com/pt/re/ajt/abstract.00045391-200311000-00012.htm;jsessionid=DibdmQvy8lz5IXLYp2kQvjE2zXKM0UgOXRFBy3N0mSZUV818oNhm!1389088241!-949856145!9001!-1

?However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood at the
molecular level. Recently, it was indicated that metformin increases
plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese nondiabetic
subjects (Mannucci et al., 2001 )? http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/310/2/614

Metformin (Glucophage) is the only available member of the biguanide
class. Metformin decreases hepatic (liver) glucose production,
decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and increases peripheral
glucose uptake and use. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/antidiabetic_drugs.jsp

?Gastrointestinal adverse effects such as abdominal pain, nausea,
dyspepsia, anorexia, and diarrhea are common and widely accepted when
occurring at the start of metformin therapy. Diarrhea occurring long
after the dosage titration period is much less well recognized.? http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/418308

?The most common side effect of Metformin HCl immediate-release is
diarrhea. In a clinical trial of 286 subjects, 53.2% of the 141 who
were given Metformin IR (as opposed to placebo) reported diarrhea, and
25.5% reported nausea/vomiting. (source: Drug Facts & Comparisons
2005)? http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Metformin#Side-effects

?Metformin HCl is generally well tolerated, but can cause minor
transient gastrointestinal upsets. These can generally be avoided by
taking metformin with meals or, occasionally, by temporarily lowering
the dose.
Approximately 3% of patients may have to discontinue treatment because
of this complication. In the majority of patients who show signs of
intolerance, gastrointestinal upsets disappear by the time the
diabetes is controlled and do not return. It is, therefore, important
not to discontinue therapy at the first signs of intolerance to
metformin.? http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/g/Glucomettab.htm

?METFORMIN ? Metformin has been used in Europe for over thirty years,
and has been available in the United States since March 1995. It is
effective only in the presence of insulin but, in contrast to
sulfonylureas, it does not directly stimulate insulin secretion. Its
major effect is to increase insulin action.
How metformin increases insulin action is not known but it is known to
affect many tissues. One important effect appears to be suppression of
glucose output from the liver.

Clinical use ? Metformin is most often used in patients with type 2
diabetes who are obese, because it promotes modest weight reduction or
at least weight stabilization. This is in contrast to the increased
appetite and weight gain often induced by insulin and sulfonylureas.
Metformin typically lowers fasting blood glucose concentrations by
approximately 20 percent, a response similar to that achieved with a
sulfonylurea.
Metformin given in combination with a sulfonylurea lowers blood
glucose concentrations more than either drug alone.

In addition to causing modest weight loss, metformin has two other
advantages as compared with sulfonylureas. They are:
· It is less likely to cause hypoglycemia.
· It has prominent lipid-lowering activity, producing a significant
reduction in serum triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations, a
small reduction in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
concentration, and an elevation in serum high-density lipoprotein
(HDL) cholesterol concentration.
There are, however, two disadvantages to metformin: the risk for
lactic acidosis described below and its prominent gastrointestinal
side effects.? http://www.bouldermedicalcenter.com/Articles/oral_hypoglycemic_drugs.htm

?Metformin interferes with several processes linked to HGP
(gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and their regulatory mechanisms),
lowering glucose production and resensitizing the liver to insulin.
The hepatic drug effect is largely favoured by prevailing glycemia. In
peripheral tissues, metformin potentiates the effects of both
hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Increase in glucose-mediated
glucose transport is mainly mediated by an improvement in the glucose
transporter's intrinsic activity. Potentiation of the hormone effect
relates to an increase in insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity.? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10443322&dopt=Abstract

?Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal
absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sen-sitivity by increasing
peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.?

?Food decreases the extent of and slightly delays the absorption of
metformin, as shown by approximately a 40% lower mean peak plasma
concentration (C max ), a 25% lower area under the plasma
concentration versus time curve (AUC), and a 35 minute prolongation of
time to peak plasma concentration (T max ) following adminis-tration
of a single 850-mg tablet of metformin with food, compared to the same
tablet strength administered fasting.? http://www.healthscout.com/rxdetail/68/50/5/main.html

?Once a patient is stabilized on any dose level of metformin, gastrointestinal
symptoms, which are common during initiation of therapy, are unlikely to be drug
related. Later occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms could be due to
lactic acidosis or other serious disease.? http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/02/May02/053102/800471e6.pdf

There is a newer form of metformin recently approved by the FDA.
Glumetza, is an extended-release form of metformin, available in
500-milligram and 1,000 tablets, and is intended not to cause
gastrointestinal problems.
?Glumetza's extended-release system (a special coating that causes the
drug to be absorbed slowly) is designed to deliver high doses without
raising the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.? http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/article.cfm?aid=2023&sid=8

I hope this has helped. Please request an Answer Clarification, before
rating, if any part of my answer is unclear.

posted June 30, 2010 06:45 PM         

Clarification of Question by alexandraroman-ga on 31 Jan 2005 06:16 PST

To guzzi-ga:

I've tried (& failed) to open attachments ending ".doc". I have also
tried (& failed) to open an attachment ending ".pps". Thanks.

Request for Question Clarification by feilong-ga on 31 Jan 2005 09:41 PST

Hi Alexandra,

Do you have .doc (Microsoft Word) and .pps (Microsoft PowerPoint)files
in your computer? Can you open these files using your Microsoft Works?

-Feilong

Clarification of Question by alexandraroman-ga on 31 Jan 2005 15:05 PST

To Feilong:
It's a relatively new computer, so i don't have much saved. The things
created in the Microsoft Works Word Processor end ".wps". I've also
saved some pages off the internet. As an experiment, I just sent one
of these ".wps" files to myself as an attachment using yahoo mail. It
went without a problem but, when I tried to open the attachment, I got
a box saying:
"Works cannot open the file you have selected. The file may have been
deleted or moved. To remove this file from the list, find the file
name in the Works Tasks Launcher. Click the file name with the right
mouse button and then click Delete."
When I click OK to get rid of the box, the Microsoft Works Word
Processor opens up to a blank page. Needless to say, I have no problem
opening this file except when it is an attachment. Maybe I should
mention that I use two web-based e-mails. There is yahoo which I just
used to try to open the ".wps" file. The ".doc" files and ".pps" file
came through university e-mail (also web-based). Thanks.

Request for Question Clarification by feilong-ga on 31 Jan 2005 16:08 PST

Hi,

Thanks for replying to my question.

"Needless to say, I have no problem opening this file except when it
is an attachment."

This is basically your main problem.

Instead of left-clicking on the attachment link, try right-clicking on
it. A menu will appear where you can choose "Save target as..." and
download the .wps attachment to a location of your choice because you
have no problem opening files in your computer.

Now do the same on the .doc and .pps. and see if you can open them
using Microsoft Works. Please tell me what happens so I'll know how to
proceed. Thank you.

-Feilong

Clarification of Question by alexandraroman-ga on 31 Jan 2005 18:33 PST

To feilong-ga:
This worked with the ".wps" file that I sent to myself. It does not
work with the ".doc" file which someone sent to me. The same thing
happened which I've described. I am able to save the file but, when I
try to open it, I get:
"Microsoft Word
The command cannot be performed because a dialog box is open. Click
OK, and then close dialog boxes to continue." This time, the
"Microsoft Office 2003 Setup" which asks for the product key is
visible behind the first box.
Do you think this is just a matter of my not having the program I need
to open these attachments? I don't want to buy something which I don't
need. I would have thought a new computer with XP would have whatever
is necessary to open most attachments. Does "set up" imply that the
program is there on the computer but that I must go through some kind
of process to install it? If I click on "start" Microsoft Office Word
2003 is there. If I click on it, I get the "Set Up" box which asks for
the 25-character product key.
Appreciate your help.
Dazed & Confused.

Clarification of Question by alexandraroman-ga on 31 Jan 2005 21:05 PST

Update for feilong-ga:

I went to the Microsoft website. It stated that if a program came with
a computer, one should contact the computer company. They provide a
list of companies with 800 numbers. I called Compaq and got a very
helpful guy named Keith. Turns out that the default for opening
programs was set for Microsoft Office even though it is not installed
on the computer. There IS a two month free trial offer for Office on
the computer. Maybe this is why the default was set to it. Very
unhelpful of them if this is the case. Anyway, he took me through
changing the default. It went:
START to CONTROL PANEL to SWITCH TO CLASSIC VIEW (UPPER LEFT OF BOX)
to FOLDER OPTIONS to FILE TYPES. Once I was in FILE TYPES, he had me
go down the list of extensions until I came to a "doc" one. He had me
highlight this and click the "CHANGE" button. An "OPEN WITH" box
opened. It was set to Office. I changed it to the works word
processor.
Now, I tried to open the .doc attachment that I had been unable to
open before. The Works Word Processor opened, but I got the:
"Works cannot open the file you have selected. The file may have been
deleted or moved. To remove this file from the list, find the file
name in the Works Tasks Launcher. Click the file name with the right
mouse button and then click Delete."
But, when I followed your advice and right clicked it & saved it, I
was finally able to open the attachment. Hurrah! I've written all this
down in case anyone is having the same problem. Thanks for your help.
I'm ready to put through the payment (your suggestion was the final
thing that allowed me to open the document). Just post your last
comment as an answer, or however you go about it. I wonder if this is
at all a common problem with trial offers for microsoft products.
Also, I wonder why I can't just click on the attachment the way I used
to with my old computer.

Answer
Subject: Re: Why can't I open attachments?
Answered By: feilong-ga on 31 Jan 2005 23:11 PST
Rated:4 out of 5 stars

Hi Alexandra,

First of all, thank you very much for allowing me to post an official
answer. I'm glad you found my suggestion useful. Now let me add some
more helpful comments.

For .doc files, you can always right-click on it (after you've
downloaded them), choose "Open with" and select "Wordpad". The
built-in Wordpad in your WinXP will open .doc files as well as .wri
and .rtf files. However, if the .doc file you downloaded contains
special formatting and or functions specific only to MS Word, the
document might not display correctly and/or you may not be able to
open the file at all.

Furthermore, you won't be able to access .pps and .ppt files with
Works especially if the file contains special formatting and/or
functions specific only to MS PowerPoint. The result will be the same
as what I mentioned above.

Therefore I suggest that you get yourself a copy of MS Office to
access the full features of the software and also to be able to use
other useful MS programs like Excel (.xls) Who knows, somebody might
send you this kind of file and you will have the same problem without
MS Office.

Regarding MS Office, I'm in no way representing the product or company
in this answer. The answer is only to inform you and help you make
your decision.

I hope this helps you. If you have a question, please feel free to
post your clarification and I'll attend to you as soon as possible.
Thanks for asking.

Best regards,
Feilong

alexandraroman-ga rated this answer:4 out of 5 stars

Comments
Subject: Re: Why can't I open attachments?
From: guzzi-ga on 30 Jan 2005 19:57 PST

Can you advise on the attachment types which you are trying to open,
such as doc jpg etc.

Best

Subject: Re: Why can't I open attachments?
From: manuka-ga on 16 Feb 2005 01:48 PST

One comment which hopefully will help with the problem of opening
attachments: when the computer complains that it can't find the file
(as opposed to finding it but not being able to open it) it's often
because there are spaces in the file name or path, and the open
command hasn't been properly configured to handle them.

To fix this, you need to go into the FILE TYPES area that you used to
change the opening program to Works. Go to the "Open" action and click
Edit. Check the ending of the definition. If it has the program name
and nothing else, or if it has the program name followed by something
like %1, change it so that it has the program name followed by "%1".
The " marks tell Windows to treat the whole filename as a single
object and not break it up at the spaces.

In other words, if it says
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Works\Works.exe"
or
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Works\Works.exe" %1

change it to

"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Works\Works.exe" "%1"

posted June 30, 2010 06:46 PM         

Why does my male dachshund lick my face? He does it in the morning and
as a greeting . he does it for quite some time and is very determined
with it. Also, more so on my husbands face. Why?

Answer
Subject: Re: Dog
Answered By: tlspiegel-ga on 18 Feb 2005 15:31 PST
Rated:5 out of 5 stars

Hi quipster,

Ah... the age-old "why does my dog like to lick my face" question!

Interesting subject and there's many theories. Of course, the answer
I'm providing doesn't specifically address male daschunds because Dog
Licking Human Faces is universal to all dogs - no matter what breed or
sex!

As to why your doggie likes to concentrate on licking your husband's
face more than yours - perhaps it's the after shave he uses, perhaps
it's just because he allows your dog to lick his face more than you
do, or any possible reason. Impossible to know!

========

HealtyPet.com http://www.healthypet.com/faq_view.aspx?ID=88&sid=1

Question:

Why does my dog lick me?

"My dog likes to lick me a lot, especially when I'm sitting on the
couch watching TV or just after a shower. Sometimes it feels like he's
giving me a bath. Why does he do this?"

Answer:

"Dogs lick for a lot of reasons. Licking is a submissive social
signal, first of all, allowing dogs to show deference to dominant
"pack members." Puppies lick to solicit solid food from their mothers
when they're weaned, so a young dog may lick to request its dinner.
Some dogs lick as a substitute for puppy mouthing behavior. They've
been trained not to put their teeth on people, so they lick to occupy
their mouths. Licking may be a sign of affection, your dog's way of
showing you that he's enjoying spending time cuddled on the couch with
you. Or, he may just like the taste of your soap!

Though it's usually harmless, licking can be a problem if carried to an extreme."

=========

Do Dogs Really Love Us? http://www.byarden.com/pets/ddrlu.html

"CAVE MEN FIRST TAMED PACKS OF wild dogs tens of thousands of years
ago. Descendants of wolves, dogs proved worthy hunting partners and
carriers of heavy loads. Their role: Serve people.

Somewhere along the way, early canines wagged their tails and
delivered friendly licks to their keepers' faces. Could their actions
be interpreted as the earliest signs of love from dogs toward people?
Or were these dogs merely driven by the basic hunger instinct and
smelled food trapped in the beards of cave men?

Archaeologists and animal behaviorists can only speculate."

See photo top right side of page:
Is that a kiss or a replication of wolf behavior shown below?

See photo bottom of page:
Wolf pups lick their mother's faces so they would regurgitate food for them.

=========
http://www.faqs.org/qa/qa-1187.html

"Your chihuahua will like to lick your face since you are pack leader,
it's not a good idea to try to break them of it, it's a way of showing
respect and acknowledging that you outrank them. You can teach them
the command "Enough" so that they stop after a few token 'kisses' on
the cheek, you don't have to allow on the mouth kisses..."

=========

Greeting http://hk.geocities.com/lau_tania/key10.htm

"All dog lovers have seen how a dog greets either its owner or another
dog by wagging its tail, pulling its lips back in a grin or licking
the face of the welcome friend."

[...]

"The licking of the face is an intriguing gesture, coming directly
from the instinct of the wolf. When the mother wolf has returned from
the hunt, her pups will lick her face to stimulate the mother to
regurgitate food for them. In this way, they are weaned from milk to
solids. Little do most dog owners know that when their dog gives them
a kiss on their return home, it is actually asking them to regurgitate
some food!"

=========

An interesting article about Dog Saliva can be found at: http://www.unclematty.com/woofpub/articles/dogsaliva.htm?#342

=========

keyword search:

why do dogs lick their humans face
dog licks human faces
why do dogs lick us
dog licks my face
dog saliva

=========

Best regards,
tlspiegel

"There is no psychiatrist in the world like a puppy licking your
face." - Ben Williams

quipster-ga rated this answer:5 out of 5 stars

Great! Nice email and greeting.

Comments
Subject: Re: Dog
From: am777-ga on 18 Feb 2005 14:40 PST

perhaps interesting for you to read? http://malteseforum.com/indexer/why-do-dogs-lick-us-3659_10.htm

Subject: Re: Dog
From: tlspiegel-ga on 18 Feb 2005 17:00 PST

Hi quipster,

Thank you for the 5 star rating!

Best regards,
tlspiegel (Human to 2 miniature poodles who must wake me up at the
break of dawn by - yep... you guessed it! Happy licks and kisses.)

Subject: Re: Dog
From: tlspiegel-ga on 18 Feb 2005 18:09 PST

Hi quipster,

I meant to type: there are many theories,

instead of there's many theories.

Regards,
tlspiegel

Subject: Re: Dog
From: xcarlx-ga on 19 Feb 2005 00:51 PST

I know that face licking is usually more vigorous than other licking
purposes, but is there anything a dog will NOT lick? In addition to
their own parts and our faces (yuck!), I have seen them lick toys,
walls, carpet, rocks, and dirt. With this in mind, I think we can
lower our requirement for a reason why they lick our faces. I would
say a combination of cleaning instinct (they do the same thing to
puppies, sometimes for a very long time), a standard greeting,
exploratory purposes (mouth and toungue are their primary method of
manipulation--ever see a dog use a lick to poke at small objects like
frogs?), and a nice salty human face should leave us asking why a dog
wouldn't want to lick people.

Subject: Re: Dog
From: savco-ga on 20 Feb 2005 07:02 PST

Dogs like salt, as do most animals, and perhaps this is why they lick
your face. I know that my dogs will lick my bare arms and legs in the
summer.